Conditioned spin and charge dynamics of a single electron quantum dot

In this article we describe the incoherent and coherent spin and charge dynamics of a single electron quantum dot. We use a stochastic master equation to model the state of the system, as inferred by an observer with access to only the measurement signal. Measurements obtained during an interval of time contribute, by a past quantum state analysis, to our knowledge about the system at any time $t$ within that interval. Such analysis permits precise estimation of physical parameters, and we propose and test a modification of the classical Baum-Welch parameter re-estimation method to systems driven by both coherent and incoherent processes.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

The transfection of the defective <i>Dynamin1</i> K44A mutant blocks the endocytosis of Max* into HeLa cells.

<p>Confocal photomicrographs of HeLa cells transfected or not with a vector encoding for the dominant-negative mutant of <i>dynamin1</i>(K44A) and incubated with Max* and AlexaFluor-488 transferrin for 20 minutes at 37°C (subsequent to a 30 minutes pre-incubation period at 4°C). Immunofluorescence staining of Max* without A) and with B) the transfection of the Dynamin1 (K44A) mutant. Fluorescence of Transferrin-^AF488 without C) and with D) the transfection of the Dynamin1 (K44A) mutant. Scale bar = 10 µm.</p

Max* inhibits c-Myc transactivation and repression of transcription.

<p>A) Table summarizing qPCR measurement of the effect of a treatment with Max* on a subset of repressed (second column, red) and activated (second column, green) c-Myc target genes in HeLa cells. Green and red boxes indicate statistically significant dose-dependent activation and repression in transcription, respectively. Yellow boxes indicate no statistically significant trend. Orange boxes indicate non-statistically significant repression. Representative results are shown in B) and C) for activated (p21) and repressed (Cyclin D1) genes by Max*, respectively.</p

Evaluation of the expansion of viable HeLa cells with WST-1 assays.

<p>Cells were treated with different doses of Max* (hatched bars, 10 µM; grey bars, 20 µM and black bars 50 µM) for a period up to 72 hours before the WST-1 assay. Note the dose and time dependent reduction of expansion compared to the control (white bar). *, p<0.05; **, p<0.001; ***, p<0.0001; ****, p<0.00001.</p

The b-HLH-LZ of Max has a putative NLS sequence and PTD in its basic region.

<p>Primary structure of the b-HLH-LZ of Max (Max*). Also shown is the domain of NeuroD responsible for its transduction and nuclear localization and the Max NLS. Note the high content in basic side-chains and the similarity between the sequences.</p

The b-HLH-LZ of Max directly transduces into HeLa cells.

<p>Confocal immunofluorescence photomicrographs of HeLa cells incubated for 20 minutes with Max*-HA at 37°C A) and 4°C B). Detection with α-Max, α-HA tag and the merge are displayed from left to right respectively. A) Note the punctuated (endosomes) and diffused labeling inside the cytoplasm and nucleus. B) At 4°C, internalization is inhibited and the fluorescence is confined to the cell surface. Note the colocalization of the fluorescence of the α-Max and α-HA labeling. Scale bar = 10 µm.</p

The treatment of HeLa cells with Max* induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

<p>A) Representative cell cycle distribution determined by flow cytometry (FACS) and propidium iodide (PI) labeling with (right) and without (left) treatment (50 µM, 72 hours) with Max*. B) Histogram representation of the populations of HeLa cells in each phase as a function of treatment concentration. C) Relative level of apoptotic cells as determined by sub-G1 events. N = 3, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.0001.</p

The transduction of Max* colocalizes with the internalized Transferrin.

<p>Confocal photomicrographs of HeLa cells simultaneously incubated with Max*HA and Transferrin-^AF488 for 30 minutes. A) Immumofluorescence labeling of Max*HA, B) Fluorescence of Transferrin-^AF488 and C) Merge. Scale bar = 10 µm.</p

The transduction of Max* in HeLa is blocked by Dynasore.

<p>Confocal immunofluorescence photomicrographs of HeLa cells incubated with Max* for 20 minutes at 37°C (subsequent to a 30 minutes pre-incubation period at 4°C) in the absence A) or presence of B) 25 µM Dynasore. Scale bar = 10 µm.</p

Modulation of 5' splice site selection using tailed oligonucleotides carrying splicing signals-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Modulation of 5' splice site selection using tailed oligonucleotides carrying splicing signals"</p><p>BMC Biotechnology 2006;6():5-5.</p><p>Published online 13 Jan 2006</p><p>PMCID:PMC1379639.</p><p>Copyright © 2006 Gendron et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>onucleotides (panel A, BS indicating the presence of a branch site sequence in the tail). Each mixture was tested in triplicate. (B) RT-PCR analysis of splicing mixtures. The ratio of the Bcl-xL and Bcl-xS products was plotted for different concentrations of oligomers. (C) Profiles obtained on the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer are shown for a control mixture (lane 2) and mixtures incubated with the M4, M4B5 and M4B3+ oligonucleotides at concentrations of 18.75, 37.5 and 75 nM